Class 9 Social Science (ECONOMICS) NCERT MCQs Chapter 3 Poverty as a Challenge
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NCERT MCQs of Class 9 Social Science(ECONOMICS) Chapter 3 Poverty as a Challenge
1) What is the official poverty line in India based on?
(a) Age of the population
(b) Income and consumption levels
(c) Literacy rates
(d) Employment status
Answer: (b) Income and consumption levels
Explanation: The poverty line in India is determined by income and consumption levels required to meet basic needs.
2) Which organization is responsible for estimating poverty in India?
(a) RBI
(b) Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog)
(c) SEBI
(d) Election Commission
Answer: (b) Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog)
Explanation: The Planning Commission was responsible for estimating poverty, a task now overseen by NITI Aayog.
3) Poverty is more prevalent in which sector of the Indian economy?
(a) Primary sector
(b) Secondary sector
(c) Tertiary sector
(d) IT sector
Answer: (a) Primary sector
Explanation: Poverty is most prevalent in the primary sector, especially among rural agricultural workers.
4) Which is NOT a dimension of poverty?
(a) Lack of income
(b) Lack of education
(c) Lack of physical capital
(d) Political instability
Answer: (d) Political instability
Explanation: Poverty is measured through income, education, and living standards, not political factors.
5) Which social group is most vulnerable to poverty in India?
(a) Urban workers
(b) Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
(c) Government employees
(d) Business owners
Answer: (b) Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
Explanation: SCs and STs are more vulnerable due to historical social discrimination and limited access to resources.
6) What is the main cause of urban poverty in India?
(a) Migration from rural areas
(b) High literacy rates
(c) Low population density
(d) Improved healthcare facilities
Answer: (a) Migration from rural areas
Explanation: Rural-to-urban migration leads to overcrowding and unemployment, contributing to urban poverty.
7) Which of the following is an indicator of poverty?
(a) High employment rates
(b) Malnutrition and illiteracy
(c) High GDP growth
(d) Urbanization
Answer: (b) Malnutrition and illiteracy
Explanation: Poverty is indicated by factors like malnutrition, illiteracy, and inadequate access to basic necessities.
8) What was the primary objective of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)?
(a) Provide free healthcare
(b) Provide food subsidies
(c) Provide wage employment
(d) Provide free housing
Answer: (c) Provide wage employment
Explanation: NREGA guarantees 100 days of wage employment to rural households to reduce poverty.
9) Which Indian state has the highest poverty rate?
(a) Kerala
(b) Bihar
(c) Punjab
(d) Tamil Nadu
Answer: (b) Bihar
Explanation: Bihar has one of the highest poverty rates in India due to underdeveloped infrastructure and lack of industrialization.
10) What is the poverty line for rural areas in India based on monthly per capita consumption expenditure (as per the Tendulkar Committee)?
(a) ₹816
(b) ₹1000
(c) ₹500
(d) ₹1200
Answer: (a) ₹816
Explanation: According to the Tendulkar Committee, the poverty line for rural areas is based on a minimum monthly consumption expenditure of ₹816 per person.
11) Which of the following programs aims to provide food security to poor families in India?
(a) Mid-Day Meal Scheme
(b) Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
(c) Public Distribution System (PDS)
(d) Swachh Bharat Mission
Answer: (c) Public Distribution System (PDS)
Explanation: The PDS distributes subsidized food grains to low-income families, ensuring food security.
12) What is the 'poverty gap'?
(a) Difference between the rich and the poor
(b) Difference between the actual income of the poor and the poverty line
(c) Difference in education levels
(d) Difference in unemployment rates
Answer: (b) Difference between the actual income of the poor and the poverty line
Explanation: The poverty gap measures how far the average income of poor individuals is from the poverty line.
13) Which country has achieved significant poverty reduction by investing in education and healthcare?
(a) India
(b) Japan
(c) China
(d) Bangladesh
Answer: (c) China
Explanation: China's significant investment in education and healthcare has helped reduce poverty rapidly.
14) What is the main reason for chronic poverty?
(a) Temporary loss of income
(b) Long-term lack of access to resources
(c) Migration to urban areas
(d) Population growth
Answer: (b) Long-term lack of access to resources
Explanation: Chronic poverty arises from long-term deprivation and lack of access to resources like education, healthcare, and jobs.
15) Which of the following measures can reduce poverty in India?
(a) Skill development programs
(b) Subsidizing luxury goods
(c) Limiting education
(d) Increasing taxes on the poor
Answer: (a) Skill development programs
Explanation: Providing skills and training increases employment opportunities, thereby reducing poverty.
16) What is the primary goal of poverty alleviation programs in India?
(a) Increase urbanization
(b) Provide temporary financial support
(c) Create sustainable livelihoods
(d) Promote imports
Answer: (c) Create sustainable livelihoods
Explanation: Poverty alleviation programs focus on creating self-sustaining livelihoods for the poor.
17) What is relative poverty?
(a) Lack of basic necessities
(b) Comparison of income within a community or country
(c) Extreme poverty in rural areas
(d) Dependence on subsidies
Answer: (b) Comparison of income within a community or country
Explanation: Relative poverty refers to income inequality within a community, highlighting disparities between different groups.
18) Which of the following is a direct impact of poverty?
(a) Increased access to healthcare
(b) Malnutrition and illiteracy
(c) Economic growth
(d) Improved infrastructure
Answer: (b) Malnutrition and illiteracy
Explanation: Poverty leads to malnutrition, illiteracy, and lack of access to basic services.
19) Which committee's recommendations are used to define the poverty line in India?
(a) Tendulkar Committee
(b) Sarkaria Commission
(c) Balwant Rai Mehta Committee
(d) Narasimham Committee
Answer: (a) Tendulkar Committee
Explanation: The Tendulkar Committee provided updated guidelines for defining the poverty line in India.
20) Which region in India has the lowest poverty rate?
(a) Bihar
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Kerala
(d) Odisha
Answer: (c) Kerala
Explanation: Kerala has a low poverty rate due to its high literacy, better healthcare, and effective public distribution system.
21) Which of the following is a feature of poverty in India?
(a) High per capita income
(b) Lack of basic amenities
(c) High literacy rates
(d) Employment security
Answer: (b) Lack of basic amenities
Explanation: Poverty in India is characterized by a lack of access to basic needs like food, shelter, education, and healthcare.
22) What is 'absolute poverty'?
(a) Comparison of income between individuals
(b) Lack of resources to meet basic subsistence levels
(c) Poverty due to economic inequality
(d) Poverty limited to urban areas
Answer: (b) Lack of resources to meet basic subsistence levels
Explanation: Absolute poverty refers to the condition where individuals cannot meet basic survival needs like food and shelter.
23) Which sector provides the highest employment to the poor in rural areas?
(a) Agriculture
(b) Industry
(c) Services
(d) IT
Answer: (a) Agriculture
Explanation: Agriculture remains the primary source of employment for the rural poor in India.
24) Which of the following has the largest impact on reducing poverty?
(a) Economic growth
(b) Urbanization
(c) Population growth
(d) Migration
Answer: (a) Economic growth
Explanation: Economic growth creates jobs, increases incomes, and improves living standards, reducing poverty.
25) Which program provides self-employment opportunities for women in rural areas?
(a) Swachh Bharat Mission
(b) NRLM (National Rural Livelihoods Mission)
(c) Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
(d) PM Awas Yojana
Answer: (b) NRLM (National Rural Livelihoods Mission)
Explanation: NRLM focuses on empowering rural women by providing self-employment opportunities and financial support.
26) What is the main reason for persistent poverty in India?
(a) Rapid industrialization
(b) Unequal distribution of resources
(c) Declining population growth
(d) High literacy rates
Answer: (b) Unequal distribution of resources
Explanation: Poverty persists due to the unequal distribution of wealth, land, and resources among different sections of society.
27) Which of the following is a major cause of poverty in urban areas?
(a) High agricultural productivity
(b) Overpopulation and unemployment
(c) High literacy rates
(d) Industrial expansion
Answer: (b) Overpopulation and unemployment
Explanation: Urban poverty is caused by overpopulation, inadequate job opportunities, and insufficient housing and services.
28) Which of the following is an anti-poverty program?
(a) Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
(b) Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP)
(c) Make in India
(d) Atmanirbhar Bharat
Answer: (b) Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP)
Explanation: IRDP is aimed at providing employment and improving living standards in rural areas.
29) Which year was declared as the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty?
(a) 1995
(b) 1996
(c) 1997
(d) 1998
Answer: (a) 1995
Explanation: The United Nations declared 1995 as the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty to highlight global poverty issues.
30) What is the main focus of the Public Distribution System (PDS)?
(a) Provide financial loans
(b) Distribute subsidized food and essential commodities
(c) Create infrastructure
(d) Promote industrialization
Answer: (b) Distribute subsidized food and essential commodities
Explanation: The PDS ensures food security by distributing subsidized food grains and other essential goods to the poor.
31) What percentage of India’s population was below the poverty line in 2011-12?
(a) 10%
(b) 21.9%
(c) 30%
(d) 40%
Answer: (b) 21.9%
Explanation: According to government data, 21.9% of India’s population lived below the poverty line in 2011-12.
32) Which global organization works on poverty reduction worldwide?
(a) World Trade Organization (WTO)
(b) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
(c) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
(d) World Bank
Answer: (b) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Explanation: UNDP focuses on poverty reduction, sustainable development, and human rights worldwide.
33) What is 'vulnerability' in the context of poverty?
(a) High risk of being poor due to uncertain circumstances
(b) Permanent poverty
(c) Lack of education
(d) Employment in low-paying jobs
Answer: (a) High risk of being poor due to uncertain circumstances
Explanation: Vulnerability refers to a situation where individuals or groups are at high risk of falling into poverty due to external shocks or uncertainties.
34) Which of the following is NOT a poverty alleviation program?
(a) MGNREGA
(b) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
(c) Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana
(d) National Health Policy
Answer: (d) National Health Policy
Explanation: While the National Health Policy focuses on improving health infrastructure, it is not directly aimed at alleviating poverty.
35) What is the basic aim of anti-poverty programs in India?
(a) Reduce unemployment
(b) Provide social security
(c) Eliminate hunger and improve living standards
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: Anti-poverty programs aim to tackle unemployment, hunger, and low living standards by providing social and economic support.
36) What was the focus of the 2005 World Summit on Social Development?
(a) Industrial growth
(b) Poverty eradication and sustainable development
(c) Technological advancements
(d) Globalization
Answer: (b) Poverty eradication and sustainable development
Explanation: The summit emphasized eliminating poverty and promoting sustainable development globally.
37) What is one common consequence of rural poverty?
(a) Increase in GDP
(b) Migration to urban areas
(c) Industrial expansion
(d) Higher literacy rates
Answer: (b) Migration to urban areas
Explanation: Rural poverty forces people to migrate to cities in search of better employment and living conditions.
38) Which is an important factor in reducing global poverty?
(a) Increasing agricultural output
(b) Promoting education and healthcare
(c) Restricting industrialization
(d) Population growth
Answer: (b) Promoting education and healthcare
Explanation: Education and healthcare are essential for building human capital and reducing poverty.
39) Which of the following is a challenge in implementing anti-poverty programs?
(a) Corruption
(b) Lack of awareness among the poor
(c) Inefficient delivery systems
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: Corruption, inefficiency, and lack of awareness are major hurdles in successfully implementing poverty alleviation schemes.
40) What is the main goal of the Mid-Day Meal Scheme?
(a) Provide employment opportunities
(b) Improve school enrollment and nutrition among children
(c) Promote industrial development
(d) Increase agricultural production
Answer: (b) Improve school enrollment and nutrition among children
Explanation: The scheme ensures that children are well-nourished and attend school regularly.
41) Which Indian state has achieved significant success in reducing poverty through effective public distribution systems and social measures?
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Kerala
(c) Bihar
(d) Odisha
Answer: (b) Kerala
Explanation: Kerala has successfully reduced poverty through high literacy rates, better healthcare, and an effective public distribution system.
42) Which international organization monitors global poverty trends?
(a) United Nations (UN)
(b) World Health Organization (WHO)
(c) International Labour Organization (ILO)
(d) World Trade Organization (WTO)
Answer: (a) United Nations (UN)
Explanation: The United Nations tracks global poverty trends and implements programs to alleviate poverty worldwide.
43) What is the purpose of the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)?
(a) Provide skill development and training for youth
(b) Offer free primary education
(c) Ensure free healthcare
(d) Improve agricultural productivity
Answer: (a) Provide skill development and training for youth
Explanation: PMKVY focuses on equipping young individuals with market-relevant skills to enhance employability.
44) Which of the following factors contributes to multidimensional poverty?
(a) Income inequality
(b) Poor healthcare
(c) Lack of education
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: Multidimensional poverty is influenced by income inequality, inadequate healthcare, and lack of access to education.
45) Which region in India has the highest concentration of poverty?
(a) Southern India
(b) Northern and Eastern India
(c) Western India
(d) Central India
Answer: (b) Northern and Eastern India
Explanation: States like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Odisha in Northern and Eastern India have high poverty rates due to underdevelopment.
46) What does the term 'poverty trap' mean?
(a) A cycle where poor people remain poor due to limited opportunities
(b) Temporary unemployment
(c) Seasonal poverty
(d) Urban poverty
Answer: (a) A cycle where poor people remain poor due to limited opportunities
Explanation: The poverty trap is a self-perpetuating cycle where poverty is passed from one generation to another due to lack of resources and opportunities.
47) What is one common feature of urban poverty?
(a) Malnutrition among children
(b) High wages
(c) Employment stability
(d) Affordable housing
Answer: (a) Malnutrition among children
Explanation: Urban poverty is characterized by malnutrition, inadequate housing, and lack of access to healthcare and education.
48) Which measure can directly improve the living standards of the poor?
(a) Food subsidies
(b) Technological advancements
(c) Reduced employment opportunities
(d) Increased import duties
Answer: (a) Food subsidies
Explanation: Food subsidies help the poor by reducing the cost of essential items, directly improving their living standards.
49) Which of the following is a key feature of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)?
(a) Urban job creation
(b) Legal guarantee of employment for rural households
(c) Promotion of agriculture exports
(d) Financial support for industrialists
Answer: (b) Legal guarantee of employment for rural households
Explanation: MGNREGA ensures 100 days of guaranteed wage employment for rural households to alleviate poverty.
50) Which committee suggested a poverty line based on calorie intake?
(a) Tendulkar Committee
(b) Lakdawala Committee
(c) Rangarajan Committee
(d) Narasimham Committee
Answer: (b) Lakdawala Committee
Explanation: The Lakdawala Committee suggested a poverty line based on calorie intake, considering the minimum dietary needs.
51) What is a significant challenge in implementing poverty alleviation programs in India?
(a) Lack of funds
(b) Corruption and inefficiency in delivery
(c) Excessive urbanization
(d) Low population growth
Answer: (b) Corruption and inefficiency in delivery
Explanation: Corruption and inefficiency in distributing benefits often hinder the success of poverty alleviation programs.
52) Which scheme aims to promote financial inclusion in India?
(a) Jan Dhan Yojana
(b) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
(c) Digital India
(d) Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
Answer: (a) Jan Dhan Yojana
Explanation: The Jan Dhan Yojana focuses on providing banking services to all households, including the poor.
53) Which state in India has achieved high economic growth but still faces significant rural poverty?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Bihar
(c) Gujarat
(d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer: (a) Maharashtra
Explanation: Despite economic growth, rural areas in Maharashtra still experience poverty due to unequal development.
54) What is the primary objective of the Food for Work Program (FFWP)?
(a) Promote industrial growth
(b) Provide employment and food security
(c) Reduce food exports
(d) Develop tourism
Answer: (b) Provide employment and food security
Explanation: The FFWP aims to provide employment by creating rural assets while ensuring food security for the poor.
55) Which of the following is a long-term measure to reduce poverty?
(a) Immediate cash transfers
(b) Investing in education and skill development
(c) Increasing food subsidies
(d) Short-term loans
Answer: (b) Investing in education and skill development
Explanation: Long-term poverty reduction requires investments in education and skill development to improve employability.
56) Which country has achieved poverty reduction through land reforms?
(a) India
(b) China
(c) USA
(d) Brazil
Answer: (b) China
Explanation: China’s land reforms, coupled with industrial growth, have significantly reduced poverty levels.
57) What is a major goal of the Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)?
(a) Provide subsidized food to the poorest households
(b) Develop rural infrastructure
(c) Provide housing loans
(d) Promote urbanization
Answer: (a) Provide subsidized food to the poorest households
Explanation: AAY provides highly subsidized food grains to the poorest of the poor.
58) Which of the following is a major social impact of poverty?
(a) High literacy rates
(b) Malnutrition and social exclusion
(c) Increased employment
(d) Stable housing
Answer: (b) Malnutrition and social exclusion
Explanation: Poverty leads to malnutrition, lack of access to healthcare, and exclusion from mainstream society.
59) What is the main focus of the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana?
(a) Promote foreign investment
(b) Provide financial support and food security during crises
(c) Develop urban infrastructure
(d) Support tourism growth
Answer: (b) Provide financial support and food security during crises
Explanation: This scheme was introduced to support the poor during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic.
60) What is the multidimensional poverty index (MPI)?
(a) Measures only income poverty
(b) Measures poverty based on multiple factors like health, education, and living standards
(c) Focuses solely on rural poverty
(d) Measures global trade policies
Answer: (b) Measures poverty based on multiple factors like health, education, and living standards
Explanation: MPI is a comprehensive measure of poverty that includes dimensions beyond just income.
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