Class 9 NCERT MCQs-Social Science-India and the Contemporary World - I-Chapter 1-The French Revolution
NCERT MCQs of Class 9 Social Science(India and the Contemporary World - I) Chapter no 1(The French Revolution)
1) What event is considered the start of the French Revolution?
(a) Fall of Bastille
(b) Execution of Louis XVI
(c) Establishment of the Directory
(d) Reign of Terror
Answer: (a) Fall of Bastille
Explanation: The French Revolution began on July 14, 1789, with the storming of the Bastille, a symbol of tyranny.
2) Which estate in France was exempted from paying taxes before the Revolution?
(a) First Estate
(b) Second Estate
(c) Third Estate
(d) Both First and Second Estates
Answer: (d) Both First and Second Estates
Explanation: The First (clergy) and Second (nobility) Estates were privileged classes and did not pay taxes.
3) What was the main cause of the financial crisis in France before the Revolution?
(a) Debt from wars and extravagant spending by the monarchy
(b) Lack of agricultural production
(c) Rise of the middle class
(d) Failure of the Estates General
Answer: (a) Debt from wars and extravagant spending by the monarchy
Explanation: France's involvement in wars and lavish royal expenses depleted the treasury, leading to a financial crisis.
4) Which philosopher wrote The Social Contract?
(a) Voltaire
(b) Rousseau
(c) Montesquieu
(d) Diderot
Answer: (b) Rousseau
Explanation: Rousseau’s The Social Contract argued that government should be based on the general will of the people.
5) What was the Estates General?
(a) A legislative assembly of representatives from all three estates
(b) The king’s private council
(c) A military alliance
(d) A revolutionary group
Answer: (a) A legislative assembly of representatives from all three estates
Explanation: The Estates General was an assembly convened by the king to address financial issues, representing the three estates.
6) Who formed the National Assembly in 1789?
(a) The clergy
(b) The nobility
(c) The Third Estate
(d) The army
Answer: (c) The Third Estate
Explanation: The Third Estate formed the National Assembly, aiming to create a constitution limiting royal powers.
7) What document, inspired by Enlightenment ideals, was adopted by the National Assembly?
(a) Declaration of Independence
(b) Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
(c) Magna Carta
(d) The Constitution of 1791
Answer: (b) Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Explanation: This document proclaimed liberty, equality, and fraternity as fundamental rights.
8) What was the main slogan of the French Revolution?
(a) Justice and peace
(b) Bread and freedom
(c) Liberty, equality, and fraternity
(d) Freedom and independence
Answer: (c) Liberty, equality, and fraternity
Explanation: These principles were the foundation of revolutionary ideals.
9) Who were the Jacobins?
(a) Supporters of the monarchy
(b) Radical revolutionaries
(c) Foreign invaders
(d) Clergymen
Answer: (b) Radical revolutionaries
Explanation: The Jacobins were a radical group that led revolutionary changes and abolished the monarchy.
10) What form of government was established in France in 1792?
(a) Absolute monarchy
(b) Republic
(c) Constitutional monarchy
(d) Military dictatorship
Answer: (b) Republic
Explanation: The monarchy was abolished, and France became a republic in 1792.
11) What was the guillotine?
(a) A revolutionary anthem
(b) A machine for executions
(c) A political treaty
(d) A tax collection system
Answer: (b) A machine for executions
Explanation: The guillotine was used to execute individuals during the Reign of Terror.
12) What was the purpose of the Reign of Terror?
(a) To abolish slavery
(b) To eliminate enemies of the revolution
(c) To create a new constitution
(d) To restore the monarchy
Answer: (b) To eliminate enemies of the revolution
Explanation: The Reign of Terror, led by Robespierre, aimed to suppress counter-revolutionaries.
13) What change was introduced in France’s calendar during the Revolution?
(a) Introduction of a 10-day week
(b) Shortening of the year
(c) Removal of religious holidays
(d) Introduction of leap years
Answer: (a) Introduction of a 10-day week
Explanation: The revolutionary government introduced a new calendar to break ties with the past and religion.
14) Who was the leader of the Jacobins during the Reign of Terror?
(a) Louis XVI
(b) Napoleon Bonaparte
(c) Robespierre
(d) Lafayette
Answer: (c) Robespierre
Explanation: Robespierre led the Jacobins and enforced radical changes during the Reign of Terror.
15) What was the outcome of the women's march to Versailles in October 1789?
(a) The king escaped to Austria
(b) The king and queen were brought to Paris
(c) A new constitution was adopted
(d) The Jacobins took power
Answer: (b) The king and queen were brought to Paris
Explanation: Women demanded bread and forced the royal family to relocate to Paris, symbolizing the power of the people.
16) What did the Constitution of 1791 establish?
(a) An absolute monarchy
(b) A constitutional monarchy
(c) A republic
(d) A dictatorship
Answer: (b) A constitutional monarchy
Explanation: The Constitution of 1791 limited the powers of the king and established a constitutional monarchy.
17) Which social group benefited the most from the French Revolution?
(a) Clergy
(b) Nobility
(c) Peasants and middle class
(d) Monarchy
Answer: (c) Peasants and middle class
Explanation: The Revolution abolished feudal privileges, benefitting peasants and empowering the middle class.
18) Which law abolished slavery in French colonies?
(a) Civil Code of 1804
(b) Jacobin Law of 1794
(c) Constitution of 1791
(d) Napoleonic Code
Answer: (b) Jacobin Law of 1794
Explanation: The Jacobins abolished slavery to uphold the ideals of liberty and equality.
19) What was the Directory?
(a) A legislative body
(b) A five-member executive body
(c) A revolutionary court
(d) A monarchist organization
Answer: (b) A five-member executive body
Explanation: The Directory was established in 1795 to stabilize France after the Reign of Terror.
20) Who rose to power after the fall of the Directory?
(a) Robespierre
(b) Louis XVI
(c) Napoleon Bonaparte
(d) Rousseau
Answer: (c) Napoleon Bonaparte
Explanation: Napoleon seized power in 1799, ending the revolutionary government.
21) What was the name of the prison stormed on July 14, 1789?
(a) Versailles
(b) Bastille
(c) Tuileries
(d) Saint-Denis
Answer: (b) Bastille
Explanation: The Bastille, a symbol of royal authority and oppression, was stormed by revolutionaries on July 14, 1789.
22) Which tax was paid by the Third Estate to the state?
(a) Taille
(b) Tithe
(c) Corvée
(d) Salt tax
Answer: (a) Taille
Explanation: Taille was a direct tax imposed on the Third Estate, excluding the clergy and nobility.
23) What was the clergy’s tax to the Church called?
(a) Taille
(b) Tithe
(c) Corvée
(d) Tribute
Answer: (b) Tithe
Explanation: Tithe was a tax collected by the Church from peasants, amounting to one-tenth of their produce.
24) Who was the king of France during the French Revolution?
(a) Louis XIV
(b) Louis XVI
(c) Napoleon Bonaparte
(d) Robespierre
Answer: (b) Louis XVI
Explanation: Louis XVI was the king during the French Revolution and was executed in 1793.
25) Which social group in France paid all the taxes?
(a) First Estate
(b) Second Estate
(c) Third Estate
(d) Clergy
Answer: (c) Third Estate
Explanation: The Third Estate, comprising peasants, artisans, and bourgeoisie, bore the burden of taxation.
26) What was the primary demand of the Third Estate during the Estates General meeting in 1789?
(a) Abolition of monarchy
(b) Equal voting rights for all estates
(c) Increase in taxes for the clergy
(d) Land redistribution
Answer: (b) Equal voting rights for all estates
Explanation: The Third Estate demanded voting by head instead of voting by order to ensure equality.
27) Which estate did the bourgeoisie belong to?
(a) First Estate
(b) Second Estate
(c) Third Estate
(d) Fourth Estate
Answer: (c) Third Estate
Explanation: The bourgeoisie, including merchants and professionals, were part of the Third Estate.
28) What was the Women’s Club formed during the Revolution?
(a) Daughters of Liberty
(b) Society of Revolutionary and Republican Women
(c) Women’s Suffrage League
(d) Club of Female Citizens
Answer: (b) Society of Revolutionary and Republican Women
Explanation: This club advocated for women’s rights and greater participation in political and social reforms.
29) What role did philosophers play in the French Revolution?
(a) They formed the National Assembly
(b) They inspired revolutionary ideas of liberty and equality
(c) They drafted the Constitution of 1791
(d) They led the Reign of Terror
Answer: (b) They inspired revolutionary ideas of liberty and equality
Explanation: Philosophers like Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu criticized the monarchy and advocated democratic ideals.
30) What did the Napoleonic Code emphasize?
(a) Equal rights for women
(b) Abolition of feudal privileges
(c) Restoration of monarchy
(d) Clerical control over education
Answer: (b) Abolition of feudal privileges
Explanation: The Napoleonic Code abolished feudal privileges and established equality before the law.
31) What was the main objective of the National Assembly’s reforms?
(a) Strengthening the monarchy
(b) Abolishing feudal privileges and creating a constitution
(c) Expanding France’s colonies
(d) Reinstating Catholic Church authority
Answer: (b) Abolishing feudal privileges and creating a constitution
Explanation: The National Assembly aimed to limit royal powers and establish equality.
32) Which document inspired the French Revolution?
(a) Magna Carta
(b) American Declaration of Independence
(c) Communist Manifesto
(d) English Bill of Rights
Answer: (b) American Declaration of Independence
Explanation: The American Declaration of Independence influenced French revolutionary ideas of liberty and equality.
33) What did the Civil Code of 1804, introduced by Napoleon, achieve?
(a) Abolished slavery
(b) Codified laws ensuring equality before the law
(c) Strengthened the monarchy
(d) Granted women voting rights
Answer: (b) Codified laws ensuring equality before the law
Explanation: The Civil Code of 1804, also known as the Napoleonic Code, established uniform legal principles.
34) Which of the following was NOT a result of the French Revolution?
(a) Establishment of a republic
(b) Equal taxation
(c) Expansion of women’s political rights
(d) Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte
Answer: (c) Expansion of women’s political rights
Explanation: Women’s political rights were limited despite their significant role in the Revolution.
35) Which of these was a legacy of the French Revolution?
(a) Strengthening of monarchies in Europe
(b) Emergence of democratic principles
(c) Abolition of constitutional governments
(d) Rise of colonial empires
Answer: (b) Emergence of democratic principles
Explanation: The Revolution spread ideas of democracy, liberty, and equality worldwide.
36) What replaced the National Assembly in 1791?
(a) Estates General
(b) Legislative Assembly
(c) Directory
(d) Jacobin Club
Answer: (b) Legislative Assembly
Explanation: The Legislative Assembly replaced the National Assembly after the Constitution of 1791.
37) Which European power first fought against revolutionary France?
(a) Britain
(b) Austria
(c) Prussia
(d) Spain
Answer: (b) Austria
Explanation: Austria opposed revolutionary France to protect its monarchy from revolutionary ideas.
38) What was the Le Chapelier Law of 1791?
(a) A law restricting strikes and labor unions
(b) A law granting land to peasants
(c) A law abolishing feudalism
(d) A law promoting women’s rights
Answer: (a) A law restricting strikes and labor unions
Explanation: The Le Chapelier Law restricted workers from forming associations or strikes.
39) What was the main outcome of the French Revolution for Europe?
(a) Strengthening of feudal systems
(b) Spread of nationalist and liberal ideas
(c) Restoration of colonial rule
(d) Division of France into smaller states
Answer: (b) Spread of nationalist and liberal ideas
Explanation: The Revolution inspired nationalist movements and ideas of liberty across Europe.
40) What was one of the immediate effects of the French Revolution?
(a) Industrial Revolution in France
(b) Overthrow of monarchy in neighboring countries
(c) Decline of feudal privileges in France
(d) Emergence of global colonial empires
Answer: (c) Decline of feudal privileges in France
Explanation: The Revolution led to the abolition of feudal privileges, creating a more equal society.
41) What was the name of the French national anthem adopted during the Revolution?
(a) God Save the King
(b) La Marseillaise
(c) Ode to Joy
(d) Rule, Britannia!
Answer: (b) La Marseillaise
Explanation: La Marseillaise became the anthem of revolutionary France, symbolizing unity and freedom.
42) Which revolutionary idea emphasized freedom, equality, and fraternity?
(a) Absolutism
(b) Feudalism
(c) Liberalism
(d) Nationalism
Answer: (c) Liberalism
Explanation: Liberalism promoted individual rights, equality before the law, and representative government, central to the Revolution.
43) Which French colony was most affected by the abolition of slavery in 1794?
(a) Canada
(b) Saint-Domingue (Haiti)
(c) Algeria
(d) Louisiana
Answer: (b) Saint-Domingue (Haiti)
Explanation: Saint-Domingue was a French colony where the abolition of slavery significantly impacted plantation economies.
44) What did the revolutionary government do to bring equality in France?
(a) Introduced a new Constitution
(b) Abolished privileges of the nobility
(c) Distributed land among peasants
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: The revolutionary government abolished privileges, redistributed land, and introduced a constitution to ensure equality.
45) What was the primary reason for the Reign of Terror?
(a) To restore monarchy
(b) To suppress counter-revolutionaries
(c) To expand France’s territories
(d) To appease the clergy
Answer: (b) To suppress counter-revolutionaries
Explanation: The Reign of Terror, led by Robespierre, aimed to eliminate enemies of the Revolution and protect its ideals.
46) What was the Estates System in pre-revolutionary France based on?
(a) Economic equality
(b) Birth and social privileges
(c) Political representation
(d) Religious tolerance
Answer: (b) Birth and social privileges
Explanation: The First and Second Estates enjoyed privileges by birth, while the Third Estate bore the burdens of taxation.
47) Which of the following philosophers criticized the divine rights of kings?
(a) Montesquieu
(b) Voltaire
(c) Locke
(d) Rousseau
Answer: (b) Voltaire
Explanation: Voltaire criticized the divine rights of kings and advocated freedom of speech and religious tolerance.
48) What led to the women’s march to Versailles in October 1789?
(a) High bread prices and food scarcity
(b) Taxation policies
(c) Demand for universal suffrage
(d) Resistance to revolutionary ideas
Answer: (a) High bread prices and food scarcity
Explanation: Women marched to Versailles due to bread shortages and demanded action from the king.
49) What was the new legislative body created after the abolition of monarchy?
(a) National Assembly
(b) Legislative Assembly
(c) National Convention
(d) The Directory
Answer: (c) National Convention
Explanation: The National Convention was formed after the abolition of monarchy and declared France a republic.
50) Which of these was a revolutionary tribunal?
(a) Committee of Public Safety
(b) Estates General
(c) National Assembly
(d) The Jacobin Club
Answer: (a) Committee of Public Safety
Explanation: The Committee of Public Safety acted as a tribunal to identify and eliminate enemies of the Revolution.
51) What is the term for compulsory work demanded by feudal lords from peasants?
(a) Tithe
(b) Taille
(c) Corvée
(d) Tribute
Answer: (c) Corvée
Explanation: Corvée was unpaid labor imposed on peasants by feudal lords for public projects.
52) What economic reform was introduced during the Revolution?
(a) Free trade
(b) Abolition of guild restrictions
(c) Standardized weights and measures
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: The Revolution introduced economic reforms such as free trade, abolition of guild restrictions, and standardized measures.
53) Who was Olympe de Gouges?
(a) A female revolutionary leader
(b) A Jacobin leader
(c) Author of the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen
(d) Both (a) and (c)
Answer: (d) Both (a) and (c)
Explanation: Olympe de Gouges was a feminist and writer who demanded equality for women during the Revolution.
54) What was the fate of King Louis XVI?
(a) He fled to Austria
(b) He was executed by guillotine
(c) He abdicated the throne
(d) He formed a new government
Answer: (b) He was executed by guillotine
Explanation: King Louis XVI was tried for treason and executed in 1793.
55) Which revolutionary event abolished feudalism in France?
(a) Storming of Bastille
(b) Night of August 4, 1789
(c) Women’s March to Versailles
(d) Execution of Louis XVI
Answer: (b) Night of August 4, 1789
Explanation: On this night, the National Assembly abolished feudal privileges and obligations.
56) Which principle was NOT a part of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
(a) Equality
(b) Freedom of speech
(c) Absolute monarchy
(d) Liberty
Answer: (c) Absolute monarchy
Explanation: The Declaration opposed absolute monarchy and promoted equality, liberty, and freedom of speech.
57) What marked the end of the Reign of Terror?
(a) Death of Robespierre
(b) Formation of the Directory
(c) Fall of the Jacobins
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: The Reign of Terror ended with Robespierre’s execution, the fall of the Jacobins, and the establishment of the Directory.
58) What is the term for land tax imposed on the Third Estate?
(a) Taille
(b) Tithe
(c) Corvée
(d) Octroi
Answer: (a) Taille
Explanation: Taille was a direct tax levied on the Third Estate, excluding the privileged classes.
59) Which of the following was introduced by the revolutionary government in France?
(a) Metric system
(b) Public education
(c) Abolition of guilds
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: The revolutionary government introduced reforms like the metric system, public education, and the abolition of guilds.
60) What was the Bastille a symbol of?
(a) French unity
(b) Royal tyranny and oppression
(c) National independence
(d) Revolutionary victory
Answer: (b) Royal tyranny and oppression
Explanation: The Bastille symbolized the monarchy’s oppression and was a target of revolutionary anger.
61) What was the primary role of the National Guard during the Revolution?
(a) To protect the king
(b) To maintain law and order
(c) To execute political prisoners
(d) To invade neighboring countries
Answer: (b) To maintain law and order
Explanation: The National Guard was formed to control riots and maintain peace during the revolutionary upheaval.
62) Which French philosopher is associated with the separation of powers?
(a) Rousseau
(b) Montesquieu
(c) Voltaire
(d) Locke
Answer: (b) Montesquieu
Explanation: Montesquieu proposed the concept of separating government powers into legislative, executive, and judicial branches to prevent despotism.
63) What was the name of the document written by Olympe de Gouges in 1791?
(a) The Social Contract
(b) Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen
(c) Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
(d) The Spirit of Laws
Answer: (b) Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen
Explanation: Olympe de Gouges authored this document to demand equal rights for women during the Revolution.
64) What was the impact of the French Revolution on the idea of sovereignty?
(a) Sovereignty remained with the monarchy
(b) Sovereignty was transferred to the people
(c) Sovereignty was divided between the Church and the monarchy
(d) Sovereignty was abolished
Answer: (b) Sovereignty was transferred to the people
Explanation: The Revolution established the principle of popular sovereignty, where the people hold ultimate authority.
65) What happened to the estates system after the Revolution?
(a) It was abolished
(b) It was restructured with new taxes
(c) It was strengthened
(d) It was replaced by a feudal system
Answer: (a) It was abolished
Explanation: The estates system was dismantled, ending privileges for the clergy and nobility.
66) Which tax was imposed on salt during pre-revolutionary France?
(a) Taille
(b) Tithe
(c) Gabelle
(d) Corvée
Answer: (c) Gabelle
Explanation: The gabelle was a tax on salt, which was a daily necessity and burdened the Third Estate.
67) What was the slogan of the French Revolution emphasizing women's roles?
(a) "Bread and Freedom"
(b) "Liberty, Equality, and Sisterhood"
(c) "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
(d) "Rights for Women"
Answer: (a) "Bread and Freedom"
Explanation: Women demanded both bread (basic survival needs) and freedom during the Revolution.
68) What was the name of the radical workers and shopkeepers in Paris?
(a) Sans-culottes
(b) Jacobins
(c) Girondins
(d) National Convention
Answer: (a) Sans-culottes
Explanation: The sans-culottes, meaning "without breeches," represented the working class and pushed for radical changes.
69) What was the significance of the Tennis Court Oath?
(a) Declaration of war on Austria
(b) Formation of a new constitution by the Third Estate
(c) Agreement to restore the king's powers
(d) Plan to expand French colonies
Answer: (b) Formation of a new constitution by the Third Estate
Explanation: The Third Estate vowed not to disband until they drafted a constitution ensuring the people’s rights.
70) What marked the symbolic end of feudalism in France?
(a) Abolition of serfdom
(b) Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
(c) Nationalization of Church property
(d) Night of August 4, 1789
Answer: (d) Night of August 4, 1789
Explanation: On this night, feudal dues and privileges were abolished, marking the end of feudalism in France.
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